1. to catch up with and pass someone or something that is moving in the same direction
2. to become greater than or exceed in amount, degree, or importance
3. to come upon suddenly or unexpectedly

Examples

• The race car overtakes its competitor on the final turn.
• China’s economy overtakes many developed nations in growth rate.
• The faster runner overtakes the leader in the last mile.
• Demand for electric vehicles overtakes traditional car sales.
• Fear overtakes him as he enters the dark forest.
• The storm overtakes the small fishing boat.
• Technology advancement overtakes our ability to adapt quickly.