1. A small, circular loop of DNA found in bacteria and some other organisms, separate from the main chromosome and capable of independent replication.
Usage: technical; biology

Examples

• Scientists use plasmids to insert new genes into bacteria for genetic engineering.
• The plasmid carries antibiotic resistance genes that help the bacterium survive in harsh environments.
• Researchers extracted the plasmid from the bacterial cell to study its structure.
• Plasmids are often used as vectors to deliver DNA into host cells during laboratory experiments.
• The plasmid replicated independently of the bacterial chromosome during cell division.
• Genetic engineers rely on plasmids to produce insulin and other proteins in bacteria.