1. stubborn refusal to obey authority or comply with rules
Usage: formal

Examples

• The student’s recalcitrance led to his suspension from school.
• Her recalcitrance in following company policies frustrated her manager.
• The committee was concerned about the department’s recalcitrance regarding the new regulations.
• Despite warnings, his recalcitrance continued throughout the meeting.
• The teacher addressed the class’s recalcitrance with firm but fair consequences.
• Management decided to take action against the employee’s persistent recalcitrance.